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Apolipoprotein E Genotype in Dyslipidemic Patients and Response of Blood Lipids and Inflammatory Markers to Alpha-Linolenic Acid

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens

Nikos Yiannakouris, PhD

Department of Home Economics and Ecology, Harokopio University, Athens

Loukianos S. Rallidis, MD

Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece

Ian Davies, PhD

Centre for Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

Bruce A. Griffin, PhD

Centre for Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, PhD

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens

Fotini N. Skopouli

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens

Vasilios Votteas, MD

Department of Cardiology, Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Antonis Zampelas, PhD

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, azampelas{at}hua.gr

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) supplementation on blood lipids and inflammatory markers, in relation to apolipoprotein (apo) E genotype. The diets of 50 dyslipidemic male patients were supplemented with 15 mL of flaxseed oil per day for 12 weeks. Retrospectively, 3 apo E genotype variants were found (2/3, n=7; 3/3, n=33; 3/4, n=10). No significant differences were found among apo E genotypes in any variables at baseline. ALA supplementation produced a small but significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (from 1.12 to 1.08 mmol/L, 43 to 42 mg/dL; p=0.008) and apo A-I levels (from 1.28 to 1.24 g/L, p=0.036) in the 3/3 homozygotes. In addition, ALA supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the serum concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA) (p=0.014), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.013), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) (p<0.001), and interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.028). Serum SAA and MCSF were also significantly decreased in the 3/4 group (p=0.005 and p=0.017, respectively). In contrast, ALA produced no effects on any of the inflammatory markers in the 2/3 group. ALA may have beneficial effects on inflammation in dyslipidemic carriers of the apo 3/3 and 3/4 genotypes, but not in carriers of the 2 allele.

Angiology, Vol. 56, No. 1, 49-60 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/000331970505600107


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