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Effect of Chronic Oral Supplementation with Vitamins on the Endothelial Function in Chronic Smokers

National Defense Medical College, Saitama and Tokyo, Japan, dui1577{at}db3.so-net.ne.jp

Hirokuni Etsuda, MD

National Defense Medical College, Saitama and Tokyo, Japan

Yoshihiro Matsushima, MD

National Defense Medical College, Saitama and Tokyo, Japan

Makoto Ayaori, MD

National Defense Medical College, Saitama and Tokyo, Japan

Hiroyuki Kusano, MD

National Defense Medical College, Saitama and Tokyo, Japan

Akira Hamabe, MD

National Defense Medical College, Saitama and Tokyo, Japan

Akimi Uehata, MD

Self Defense Force Central Hospital, Saitama and Tokyo, Japan

Fumitaka Ohsuzu, MD

National Defense Medical College, Saitama and Tokyo, Japan

Masayuki Ishihara, PhD

National Defense Medical College, Saitama and Tokyo, Japan

Akira Kurita, MD

National Defense Medical College, Saitama and Tokyo, Japan

Cigarette smoking has been associated with endothelial dysfunction including impaired endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In cigarette smokers, increased oxygen-derived free radicals have been suspected of being one of the major causes of endothelial dysfunction, owing possibly to the inactivation of nitric oxide by free radicals. Vitamins C and E are widely used antioxidant vitamins, which have also been reported to effectively improve the endothelial function in several conditions. To test the effect of moderate-term oral antioxidant vitamin supplementation on the endothelial function in smokers, the authors evaluated the combined effect of vitamins C and E, administered in normal dosages, on FMD in young male smokers. A prospective interventional study was performed. In 15 healthy male subjects (mean age, 24.4 ±2.5 years old). They studied FMD in the brachial artery by using high-resolution ultrasound. The vascular effects of moderate-term oral supplementation with vitamin C (1.0 g/day) and vitamin E (500 mg/day) were determined during reactive hyperemia, which causes endothelium-dependent FMD. They performed a vascular function study 3 times including before vitamin supplement, after 25 days of vitamin supplement, and 4 weeks after the cessation of the vitamin supplement. The flow-mediated dilator response measurements were repeated twice a day before vitamin supplements, and the repeatability obtained from these measurements was found acceptable (variability of FMD <2%). The oral antioxidant vitamin supplement significantly restored FMD (3.8 ±2.2% vs 5.9 ±2.5%; p<0.05), however, this effect disappeared 4 weeks after the vitamin supplementations ended. The combined usual dosage of vitamins C and E supplements was found to improve the endothelial function in chronic smokers.

Angiology, Vol. 55, No. 6, 653-660 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/00033197040550i606


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